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Gloria Marie Steinem (born March 25, 1934) is an American feminist, journalist, and social and political activist who became nationally recognized as a leader and spokeswoman for the feminist movement in the late 1960s and early 70s.〔〔〔 She was a columnist for ''New York'' magazine and a founder of ''Ms.'' magazine.〔 In 1969, she published an article, "After Black Power, Women's Liberation," which brought her to national fame as a feminist leader. In 2005, Steinem, Jane Fonda, and Robin Morgan co-founded the Women's Media Center, an organization that works "to make women visible and powerful in the media." Steinem currently travels internationally as an organizer and lecturer and is a media spokeswoman on issues of equality.〔 ==Early life== Steinem was born in Toledo, Ohio, on March 25, 1934. Her mother, Ruth (''née'' Nuneviller), was a Presbyterian of Scottish and German descent, and her father, Leo Steinem, was the son of Jewish immigrants from Germany and Poland. Her paternal grandmother, Pauline Perlmutter Steinem, was chairwoman of the educational committee of the National Woman Suffrage Association, a delegate to the 1908 International Council of Women, and the first woman to be elected to the Toledo Board of Education, as well as a leader in the movement for vocational education. Pauline also rescued many members of her family from the Holocaust.〔 The Steinems lived and traveled about in the trailer from which Leo carried out his trade as a traveling antiques dealer.〔 Before Steinem was born, her mother Ruth, then aged 34, had a "nervous breakdown" that left her an invalid, trapped in delusional fantasies that occasionally turned violent. She changed "from an energetic, fun-loving, book-loving" woman into "someone who was afraid to be alone, who could not hang on to reality long enough to hold a job, and who could rarely concentrate enough to read a book."〔 Ruth spent long periods in and out of sanatoriums for the mentally ill.〔 Steinem was ten years old when her parents finally separated in 1944.〔 Her father went to California to find work, while she and her mother continued to live together in Toledo.〔 While her parents divorced as a result of her mother's illness, Steinem did not attribute it to a result of chauvinism on the father's part, and she claims to have "understood and never blamed him for the breakup."〔Marcello, Patricia. ''Gloria Steinem: A Biography.'' Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2004. p. 20.〕 Nevertheless, the impact of these events had a formative effect on her personality: while her father, a traveling salesman, had never provided much financial stability to the family, his exit aggravated their situation.〔Marcello, Patricia. ''Gloria Steinem: A Biography.'' Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 2004.〕 Steinem concluded that her mother's inability to hold on to a job was evidence of general hostility towards working women.〔 She also concluded that the general apathy of doctors towards her mother emerged from a similar anti-woman animus.〔 Years later, Steinem described her mother's experiences as having been pivotal to her understanding of social injustices. These perspectives convinced Steinem that women lacked social and political equality.〔 Steinem attended Waite High School in Toledo and Western High School in Washington, D.C., the latter of which she graduated from. She then attended Smith College,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher = Biography.com )〕 an institution with which she continues to remain engaged, and from which she graduated Phi Beta Kappa.〔 In the late 1950s, Steinem spent two years in India as a Chester Bowles Asian Fellow. After returning to the U.S., she served as director of the Independent Research Service, an organization funded in secret by a donor that turned out to be the CIA. She worked to send non-Communist American students to the 1959 World Youth Festival.〔 In 1960, she was hired by Warren Publishing as the first employee of ''Help!'' magazine. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Gloria Steinem」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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